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Since the invention and commercial availability of lasers, such systems have been widely used for medical applications in the treatment of soft and hard bio-logical tissue, from the Ultraviolet (UV) Excimer laser, ArF at 193 nm, in ophthalmology up to the CO2 laser in the IR-region at 10,640 nm for surgical interventions. The whole spectrum of lasers is shown in picture.
Medical Laser Types
Since the invention and commercial availability of lasers, such systems have been widely used for medical applications in the treatment of soft and hard bio-logical tissue, from the Ultraviolet (UV) Excimer laser, ArF at 193 nm, in ophthalmology up to the CO2 laser in the IR-region at 10,640 nm for surgical interventions. The whole spectrum of lasers is shown in picture.
Solid-State Lasers
1Nd:YAG Laser
The most important solid-state laser is the Nd:YAG laser, with neodymium as laser ion (Nd3+) doped with 1–1.5% into an yttrium-aluminium-garnet crystal (Y3Al5O12). Its fundamental wavelength is 1064.2 nm. Frequency doubling with a KTP crystal (potassium titanium oxide phosphate, KTiOPO4) leads to 532 nm (green light). The third and fourth harmonics are 355 and 266 nm, respectively. The Nd:YAG laser is a four-level system
Other, weaker emission wave-lengths are 1,320 and 1058.2 nm (Nd:CaWO4).
The overall efficiency of a flashlamp-pumped Nd: YAG laser is less than 2%. Therefore, it must be cooled with water. Diode pumped systems(805nm laser diodes) reach efficiencies of about 15% at output power of about10-15W. Nd:YAG lasers are used as cw lasers up to 100W for surgical applications, e.g., long pulse lasers in dermatology or Q-switch lasers with-to 20ns pulse length in urology and dermatology(tattoo removal)
